Traces Scotland's involvement in the increasingly dynamic international relations of the fifteenth century. In 1461, King Henry VI of England fled into exile in Scotland, following his defeat by Edward of York at Towton. The eyes of much of Europe were therefore trained on it. This attention may have been exceptional, but it demonstrates that despite its location, Scotland was an integral part of the European political world; and, in particular, between the 1450s and 1490s, a key external player in the Wars of the Roses. However, although Scotland's role in these decades was never confined to Britain, scholarship has tended to downplay its continental connections. This book demonstrates the extent to which the Scots were active and engaged participants on a wider stage: military, dynastic, and economic contacts meant that during the fifteenth century, Scotland was a recognised factor in the diplomacy of rulers from Italy to Scandinavia. It shows the importance of maintaining external relationships for the Scots, the fluctuating value of these relationships to other rulers, and how English political events were also bound up with wider patterns abroad.