Traditionally, the communities along the western coast of Wales thrived on maritime trade and fishing. The produce of the farmland and minerals, rocks and slate of the uplands were exported through ports such as Pwllheli and Porthmadog and coal, lime, timber and other goods were imported. This heritage can be explored today in the maritime museums of Porthmadog and Nefyn and is celebrated in the new European standard sailing centre at Plas Heli, Pwllheli.The conflicts of the past stand tall in the form of rock-top castles at Harlech and Cricieth, where Owain Glyndwr established his parliament and military strength during his revolt at the start of the 15th century. The industrial age brought new means of transport with narrow-gauge railways, and eventually the Cambrian Coast Railway and haulage contractors, undertaking the work that used to be done by sailors and drovers.The new communications opened wider horizons for the tourist trade and this coast with its history and beauty soon attracted tourists. This continues today along its mountain lanes and coastal paths, and the area is certainly a pleasant place to visit. It is also well worth learning and understanding more about what lies under its present surface.