Acknowledgments Note on Previously Published Pieces List of Abbreviations Short Biographical Notes Introduction 1 The Problem of Artefacts 2 Status Quaestionis 3 Sources and Scope 4 Outline1 Nature and Art 1 Nature as a Principle of Motion and Rest 2 Natural Things 3 Art as a Productive Habit 4 Artificial Things 5 Artificial Forms Excursus1: Why Can Artefacts Not Be Substances? 1 Introduction 2 Sources 3 Rationale 4 Other Limitations on the Productive Capacity of Art 5 Conclusion2 The Nature of Artificial Change 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Forms: Modi vs. Res 3 Artefact Realists on Changed Involved in the Making of Artefacts 4 Artefact Nominalism in First Approximation 5 Artefact Nominalists on the Nature of Change Involved in the Making of Artefacts 6 Artefact Nominalists on the Two Other Realist Arguments 7 Artefact Nominalists on Local Motion and Change 8 Conclusion Excursus2: The Peculiar Status of Artificial Forms and Artefacts 1 Introduction 2 Thirteenth-Century Commentators on the Status of Artificial Forms 3 Paul of Venice on the Status of Artificial Forms 4 Paul of Venice on Artefacts as Wholes3 The Problem of Multipart Artefacts 1 Introduction 2 Ockham''s Argument 3 Realist Reply 1: Walter Burley 4 Realist Reply 2: Paul of Venice 5 Realist Reply 3: Theodoric of Magdeburg 6 Conclusion Excursus3: Artefacts, Principle of Motion, and Reduplication 1 Introduction 2 The Realist Position 3 The Nominalist Position4 Productivity of Art 1 Introduction 2 Realist Argument(s) Based on the Productivity of Art 3 Nominalist Account of the Productivity of Art 4 Realist Critique of the Nominalist Solution 5 Conclusion Excursus4: Artificial Production and Natural Generation 1 Introduction 2 The View of the Ancient Materialists 3 Ancient Materialism and Artefact Nominalism 4 Conclusion5 Problems of Separability 1 Introduction 2 The Principle of Separability: The Realist View 3 A Nominalist Critique of the Realist Version of the Principle of Separability 4 The Principle of Separability: The Nominalist View 5 Conclusion Excursus5: The Relational View of Artefacts and Its Discontents 1 Introduction 2 Henry of Ghent: The Reductive Relational View 3 John Duns Scotus: The (Anti?)Reductive Relational View 4 John of Pouilly and Bernard of Auvergne: The Rejection of the Relational View 5 The Nominalist Rejection of the Relational View Final Conclusion Appendix: Critical Editions TextI: Anonymous, Quaestiones super libros Physicorum , lib. II, qq.19-21 TextII: Bernard of Auvergne, Reprobationes Henrici de Gandavo Quodlibet VII, q.1 (selected passages) TextIII: John of Pouilly, Quodlibet II, q.16/22 TextIV: Anonymous, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , q.26 TextV: Theodoric of Magdeburg, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , lib. I, q.

1 TextVI: Anonymous, Quaestiones super libros Physicorum , lib. II, q.3 TextVII: Lawrence of Lindores, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , lib. I, qq.1 and 4 TextVIII: Hugolinus of Orvieto and Anonymus Erfordiensis, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , lib. I, q.1 TextIX: John Aurifaber, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , lib. I, q.

1 TextX: Blasius of Parma, Quaestiones super octo libros Physicorum , v. prima, lib. I, q.1, et v. altera, lib. I, q.1 TextXI: John Hennon, Commentarius in libros Physicorum , lib. II, q.

2, dub. 3 TextXII: John le Damoiseau, Commentarius in libros Physicorum , lib. II, q.3 (selected passages) Bibliography.