"Following decades of brutal campaigns against communists, fascism in its nationalist and religious forms has been dominating Turkish, Iranian, and Arab politics for over half a century. In the absence of a popular left, first, military generals assumed power establishing some of the most terroristic totalitarian regimes in the 20th Century. Then, Islamist organizations hijacked democratic movements of dissent. In countries and territories where they have assumed state power, Islamist forces have surpassed all nationalist dictatorships for their utter disrespect of human lives. Today, Islamism is the main force preventing Middle Eastern societies from stepping forward. Motivated by a sense of urgency, this book problematizes all forms of fascist exclusionism in the Middle East and draws attention to anti-fascist resistance and progressive alternatives invented in the regions peripheries. It is a critique of identitarianism and right-wing politics in the Middle East and North Africa region. The author adamantly rejects Islamism as a deadly force that must be discredited by and for the sake of the peoples of the region and calls for an international movement to go beyond nationalism and Islamism"--.