The Bobbio Missal is one of the most important and interesting liturgical books surviving from the early middle ages. It is the best known example of the 'Gallican' type of missal, attesting therefore to the distinctive liturgical practices which were widespread in Merovingian and Frankish churches during the seventh and eighth centuries, before these began to tbe replaced by the Roman practices including use of 'Gregorian' missals in various forms during the period of Charlemagne's reforms. In the opinion of modern palaeographers, the Bobbio Missal was written somewhere in northern Italy in the mid-eighth century. Although it was long regarded as a witness to Irish liturgical practice, it is now considered as essentially Gallican, but incorporating various prayers of Gelasian origin. Palaeographically the manuscript (now Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, lat. 13246) is of great interest, being written in an idiosyncratic mixture of uncial and minuscule, by an Italian scribe neither literate nor well-trained. HBS LVIII, HBSLXI HBS LVIII, HBSLXI HBS LVIII, HBSLXI HBS LVIII, HBSLXI.