This edited volume rethinks money and debt through the concept of the human economy, offering a de-commercialized perspective from Karl Polanyi to David Graeber. Drawing on studies from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Atlantic world, it shows how debt and monetary practices are embedded in kinship, obligation, power, and historical domination. By examining the entanglement of human and commercial economies, it demonstrates that systems are sustained not only by profit motives but also by moral and political relations, while reproducing inequalities and dependence.