Traces of the Distant Human Past offers a critical examination of early human behavior by challenging traditional narratives and pushing for a more scientific, theoretically informed approach to archaeology. Emphasizing the importance of understanding early humans within their environmental context, the contributors to this volume propose a shift towards theoretical frameworks and ecological perspectives in archaeological research. They highlight the scarcity of well-preserved archaeological sites, making a strong case for high-resolution analyses and the need for new methodologies, including the use of artificial intelligence in taphonomy. By questioning the scientific rigor of current practices and advocating for hypothesis-driven research, this volume not only informs but also inspires a reevaluation of the approaches that can be applied to an interpretation of the evidence for human evolution in the archaeological record. It will be an essential resource for those interested in advancing the field and gaining a deeper understanding of human origins.