Why did Ludwig van Beethoven go deaf? What forced Robert Schumann to give up playing the piano? What possible familial trait caused Felix Mendelssohn's final illness? This volume examines the lives and deaths of these composers as well as Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms, and Clara Schumann. By exploring the medical conditions that led to their deaths within the context of their musical output, it presents a more integrated understanding of how health and creativity intersected in the lives of these composers. Drawing from historical records as well as recent medical scholarship, the book bridges the gap between musical biography and medical literature. Through its exploration of suffering and resilience, it highlights how illness influences innovation and how personal adversity often coexists with artistic triumph. Through this multidisciplinary lens and a physician's insights, the book invites readers to contemplate art in the context of human fragility.