Acknowledgments Introduction (Ferenc Kõszeg) Police and Transition The Questions of Transition (István Szikinger) The Impact of Transition: A Comparison of Post-Communist Societies with Earlier 'Societies in Transition' (Robert I. Mawby) Comparative Studies and Country Analyses Police Organization and Accountability: A Comparative Study (Renate Weber) The Police in the Constitutional Framework: The Limits of Policing (Andrzej Rzeplinski) Policing in Transition Countries Compared with Standards in the European Union: Hungary-Where Dreams Are Not Fulfilled (Miklós Benke) Police Governance in Romania (Manuela Stefanescu) The Challenges of Transition as Seen by the Police The Romanian Police and Challenges of Transition (Pavel Abraham) The Political Changeover and the Police (Géza Finszter) Models of Policing Policing a Diversity of Cultures: Community Policing in Transforming Societies (Alan Wright) Target Areas of Police Reform (Anita Hazenberg) Oversight and Accountability The Role of NGOs in Civilian Oversight of the Police (Mark A.Gissiner) Monitoring Police Detention: Experiences with Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement Agencies (Ferenc Kõszeg) The Police and Non-Governmental Organizations in Poland (Andrzej Kremplewski) Civil Liability and Police Accountability in the United States (Jerome H. Skolnick) Police Brutality Police Brutality and Police Torture (Budimir Babovic) Addressing Police Violence in Bulgaria: The Human Relations Perspective (Svetlozar Vassilev) Appendices The Budapest Recommendations List of Contributors Index.