This comprehensive Encyclopedia brings together leading international scholars to explore foundational and emerging topics in the field of individual differences. The entries examine core personality constructs such as conscientiousness, extraversion and impulsivity, as well as contemporary trait combinations including the Dark Core and the Dark Tetrad. Entries provide a detailed definition and overview of each topic, drawing on social psychology, positive psychology, attitudes, emotions and vocational interests. The entries also evaluate various methods of measurement, addressing the impact of response distortion such as the social-desirability bias. Contributors investigating the psychological effects of the internet and social media, with forward-thinking entries on doxxing, ghosting, internet trolling and the manosphere are included. The Elgar Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an essential resource for scholars and students of personality, organisational, occupational, economic, and social psychology looking to expand their understanding of core topics and discover new and niche research areas. Key Features: Contains over 160 topical entries Covers unique and contemporary research in the field of personality psychology Examines the Intergroup Threat theory to shed light on interpersonal behaviours Outlines and analyses key research findings while suggesting directions for future scholarship.