This book sheds light on the reasons for our inaction in matters of the environmental crisis and presents solutions to address the crisis. The work draws on numerous disciplinary fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, biology, philosophy, sociology, economics, ethology. The author argues that it is not possible to correctly understand the current environmental crisis in the light of a single discipline and emphasizes the importance of cognitive sciences to address the environmental crisis. He shows that the reasons for human inaction relate as much to the characteristics of our psyche/brain as to those of the consumption society that we invented and have lived in at least since the Neolithic. The analysis presented stresses the need to regulate individual behavior and to call into question our consumption patterns. Without questioning the characteristics of both modern society, and the way our brains work, will make it impossible to resolve the environmental crisis. This book proposes a revolutionary change of the way we live and act to preserve the planet.