This book aims to advance our understanding of the caregiver-infant interaction in primates and its effect on the development of social cognition, working from an interdisciplinary approach (i.e., psychology, philosophy, and anthropology), challenging the dominant cognitivist perspectives and methodologies. This book is important because it contributes to understanding how primate parent-and-infant interaction works and how it affects the infant's development. Understanding this parent-and-infant interaction contributes to finding better ways to support human parents and provide better care for non-human primate mothers and infants in captivity.