This book offers a comprehensive exploration of how researchers collaborate in contemporary science, drawing on social and organizational psychology to analyze key dynamics in scientific teamwork. Applying a critical lens, Rethinking Research Collaboration examines the evolving structures, transformations, and challenges within academic research environments. It draws together research into scientific collaboration, emotional intelligence and leadership, examining the implications for digital work environments, gender equity, and work-life balance. The book delves into the complexities of modern research, including how emotional intelligence shapes leadership and the influence of digital tools on collaborative processes. It also addresses inclusion and gender disparities, showcasing ongoing efforts to foster more equitable and innovative research environments. Challenging conventional academic practices, the book encourages reflection on how researchers can adapt and collaborate in an increasingly diverse and digital world, ultimately aiming to shape the future of scientific inquiry. This essential reading serves researchers and graduate students of social and organizational psychology, leadership and research methods. It will also be of interest to professionals interested in team dynamics, scientific collaboration and innovation.