PrefaceCompanion WebsiteAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorChapter 1: An Introduction to Research and Ethical Practice Why Bother? What is Research? Research Terminology Approach Taken in This Book Major Paradigms in Research: A Brief History of Research Postpositivism Constructivist Paradigm Transformative Paradigm Pragmatic Paradigm Politics, Legislation, and the Paradigms Contested Territory: Quality, Causality, and Objectivity Merging Paradigms--Across DifferencesChapter 2: Evaluation Defining Evaluation Distinguishing Research and Evaluation History and Models of Evaluation Resources and Processes for Conducting Evaluations Steps in Planning an Evaluation Standards for Critically Evaluating Evaluations Ethics and Evaluation: The Guiding Principles Questions for Critically Analyzing Evaluation Evaluation Resources for Program and Policy EvaluationsChapter 3: Literature Review and Focusing the Research Reasons for Doing Literature Reviews The Search Process Critical Analysis of Literature Reviews Questions for Critically Analyzing Literature ReviewsChapter 4: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Importance of Experimental Design Research Designs and Threats to Validity Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Single-Group Designs Other Design Issues Challenges to Using Experimental Designs in Educational and Psychological Research Transformative Perspectives Regarding Experimental Research Postpositivist Rejoinder Final Thoughts Questions for Critically Analyzing Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, and Single Group Designs Where to From Here?Chapter 5: Causal Comparative and Correlational Approaches Inherent Characteristics: Challenging Issues Causal Comparative Research Correlational Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Causal Comparative and Correlational ResearchChapter 6: Survey Methods Design Phase Sampling Plan Designing the Survey Instrument Pilot Testing the Questionnaire Language Differences between the Researcher and the Respondent Special Types of Questions Letter of Transmittal Conducting the Survey Data Analysis and Troubleshooting Your Survey Instrument Questions for Critically Analyzing Survey ResearchChapter 7: Single-Case Research Quality Issues in Single-Case Research Design Options Data Analysis In Single-Case Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Single-Case ResearchChapter 8: Qualitative Research and Action Research Basis for Selection of Qualitative Methods Types of Qualitative Research Data Collection General Methodological Guidelines Translation Issues in Multilingual Contexts Qualitative Data Collection Methods Critically Analyzing Qualitative Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Qualitative ResearchChapter 9: History, Narrative Study of Lives, and Autoethnography Why Study History? Importance of Historical, Narrative, and Autoethnographic Research Types of Historical, Narrative, and Autoethnographic Research Steps in Conducting Historical-Narrative Research Notes on Biographical Research Notes on Autoethnographic, Autobiographical/Self-Study Research Questions for Critically Analyzing Historical-Narrative ResearchChapter 10: Mixed Methods Research Definition and Characteristics Importance in Educational and Psychological Research Philosophical Assumptions and Mixed Methods Research Mixed Methods Design Options Questions for Critically Analyzing Mixed Methods ResearchChapter 11: Sampling Definition, Selection, and Ethics External Validity (Generalizability) or Transferability Defining the Population and Sample Identification of Sample Members Sampling Strategies Sampling Bias Access Issues Sample Size Ethics and Protection of Study Participants Questions for Critically Analyzing Sampling StrategiesChapter 12: Data Collection Operationalizing Concepts Quantitative Measurement Topics Selection and Development of Quantitative Instruments Developing a Data Collection Instrument Qualitative Data Collection Methods Mixed Methods and Data Collection Standards for Judging Quality of Data Collection Questions for Critically Analyzing Data CollectionChapter 13: Data Analysis, Interpretation, and Use Quantitative Analysis Strategies Qualitative Analytic Strategies Analytic and Interpretive Issues in Mixed Methods A Research Plan: The Management Plan and Budget Writing Research Reports Utilization of the Research Results Questions for Critically Analyzing Data Analysis and Interpretation.