This influential book offers a comprehensive and critical examination of how inclusive education has been conceptualized and implemented across diverse global contexts since the adoption of the Salamanca Statement and Framework of Action for Inclusive Education (Salamanca Statement) in 1994. Authored by leading experts in the field, the book elucidates key international legal and policy frameworks that safeguard the rights of people with disabilities and interrogates their implications for inclusive educational practices. Drawing on a rich array of international case studies, contributors analyze the experiences of groups of students historically marginalized based on disability, gender, ethnicity, language, and socio-economic status. The book highlights the varied interpretations of the Salamanca Statement across nations, emphasizing how cultural norms, political priorities, and resource constraints shape localized understandings and implementations of inclusive education. Chapters trace the historical evolution of inclusive education, addressing both high-incidence disabilities and complex special educational needs. The book critically engages with persistent global challenges - such as structural inequities, systemic bias, and infrastructural limitations - while also presenting innovative strategies for transformative systemic change. Understanding Inclusive Education is an essential resource for scholars and students of inclusive education, disability studies, and the sociology of education. It is also a vital reference for policymakers, educators, and practitioners committed to advancing equitable and inclusive access to quality education for all learners.