About the authors Preface Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1 What Is Multicultural Psychology? WHAT IS MULTICULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY? Narrow and Broad Definitions of Culture Culture and Worldview What is Race? Multicultural Psychology and Related Fields MULTICULTURALISM AS A PHILOSOPHY DO WE STILL NEED THE FIELD OF MULTICULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY? MULTICULTURALISM AS THE FOURTH FORCE UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURAL CONTEXT OF BEHAVIOR: THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL THE BASIC TENENTS OF MULTICULTURAL THEORY HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Dubious Beginnings We Begin to Define Ourselves Gender Differences Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues THE RISE OF MULTICULTURALISM SUMMARY CHAPTER 2 Multicultural Issues Involving Research and Testing RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY The General Research Model The European American Standard Internal versus External Validity QUANTITATIVE VERSUS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Quantitative Approaches Qualitative Approaches Equivalence of Measures Qualitative Approaches and Gender Qualitative Approaches and Older Population EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING Intelligence Testing Intelligence, Context, and Older Adults Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence Personality and Diagnostic Testing SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 Cultural Differences in Worldviews DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES FOR LOOKING AT CULTURES Imposing a Worldview Understanding Differences from Within Male and Female Perspectives Well-Meaning Clashes INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS COLLECTIVISM The Individual and Society Guilt versus Shame Face Saving, Face Giving, and Social Support Are We WEIRD? VALUE ORIENTATION AND WORLDVIEWS Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck''s Value Orientation Model Derald Wing Sue''s Worldview Model ETHNIC MINORITY WORLDVIEW WORLDVIEW OF WOMEN WORLDVIEW OF LESBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL INDIVIDUALS WORLDVIEW BASED ON SOCIAL CLASS YOUTH AND WORLDVIEW SUMMARY CHAPTER 4 Cultural Differences in Communication CONVERSATIONAL RULES NONVERBAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE Proxemics Kinesics Paralanguage HIGH- VERSUS LOW-CONTEXT COMMUNICATION Direct versus Indirect Communication Ethnic Minority Patterns of Communication --African Americans --Latinxs --American Indians Communication Patterns of the Elderly COMMUNICATION AMONG YOUNGER ADULTS Prevalence of Social Media Positives and Negatives of the Use of Social Media The Silver Lining GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION BILINGUAL COMMUNICATION Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism Social Consequences of Bilingualism SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 Immigrants, Refugees, and the Acculturation Process xxx IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES Immigrants Refugees COMMON EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES Language Barriers Support Networks Family Hierarchies New Family Roles Employment Education ACCULTURATION "Old" and "New Immigrants" Models of Acculturation Acculturation of Immigrants Acculturation of Ethnic Minority Populations The Migration Process Ecological Context and Fit SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism CATEGORIZATIONS OF RACE AND ETHNICITY Racism in the News Stereotype Threat The Development of Negative Stereotypes RACISM Overt versus Covert Racism The Response to Hurricane Maria: A Case of Covert, Unintentional Racism or Covert, Intentional Racism? Aversive Racism Color-Blind Racial Ideology Racism and the Biopsychosocial Model Internalized Oppression Racial Microaggressions Microaggressions Broadly Defined White Privilege SUMMARY CHAPTER 7 Cultural Identity Development A MODEL OF PERSONAL IDENTITY RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT African American Identity Development White Identity Development Chicano/Latinx Identity Development Asian American/Pilipino American Identity Development American Indian Identity Development Multiracial Identity Development Gay/Lesbian Identity Development Racial and Cultural Identity Development Model Other Identities A CRITIQUE OF THE STAGE MODELS MULTIPLE LAYERING OF IDENTITIES SUMMARY CHAPTER 8 Culture and Health HEALTH AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS HEALTH DISPARITIES DEFINED CAUSES OF HEALTH DISPARITIES Racism Poverty Structural Barriers Access to the Health Care System Differential Treatment MISTRUST OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WHY SHOULD WE CARE? BRINGING ABOUT CHANGE SUMMARY CHAPTER 9 Culture and Mental Health CULTURE AND DIAGNOSIS The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders: A Classification System Culture and the Expression of Symptoms Cultural Group Differences and Mental Health --The Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES) --National Survey on Drug Use and Health --Ethnic/Racial Groups Not Well Represented in the Large Epidemiological Studies --Critique of the Epidemiologic Studies --Conclusions from Existing Data Gender Differences Cultural Concepts of Distress Eating Disorders: An American Cultural Syndrome? CULTURE AND THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS Underutilization of Mental Health Services Barriers to Treatment --Culture-Bound Values as Barriers --Class-Bound Values as Barriers --Language Variables as a Barrier Experience with Microaggressions Culturally Sensitive Therapeutic Approaches The Training of Mental Health Professionals: Multicultural Competence Cultural Matching Culture-Specific Therapies --Example of a Culture-Specific Approach: African-Centered Psychology --Treatment Issues and Strategies for Sexual Minorities Social Justice Counseling Psychotherapy Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology SUMMARY CHAPTER 10 Where Do We Go From Here? Building Multicultural Competence HOW TO INCREASE YOUR MULTICLUTURAL COMPETENCE: THE MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCIES Awareness of Your Own Cultural Attitudes The Four F Reactions: Freeze, Flee, Flight, and Fright The Five D''s of Difference --Distancing --Denial --Defensiveness --Devaluing --Discovery The Three S''s of Similarity --Simple --Safe --Sane EXAMINING YOUR BIASES, PREJUDICES, AND STEREOTYPES LEARNING ABOUT YOUR OWN CULTURE UNDERSTANDING OTHER WORLDVIEWS Learning Key Historical Events Becoming Aware of Sociopolitical Issues Knowing Basic Values and Beliefs Understanding Cultural Practices Knowing the Dynamics of Racism, Discrimination, and Stereotyping DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Education and Training Experience and Practice Saying "I Don''t Know" and Asking Questions Travel Speaking Up for Others: Being an Ally Speaking Up for Oneself: Comfort with Difficult Dialogues An Attitude of Discovery and Courage Developing Empathy A CHANGE IN WORLDVIEW SUMMARY Glossary References Credits Index.