Foreword by John M. Teal Preface Acknowledgments Purpose and Organization of the Book Part I. Definitions and Classification of Tidal Wetlands and Estuaries 1. Types of Estuaries 2. Tidal Wetland Classification 3. Further Readings Part II. Origin and Formation of Tidal Wetlands 4. Glaciation 5.
Postglacial Conditions 6. Tidal Wetland Formation 7. Further Readings Part III. The Dynamic Intertidal Environment 8. Wetland Hydrology 9. Salinity 10. Hydrogen Sulfides 11. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 12.
Substrates and Soils 13. Coastal Processes 14. Further Readings Part IV. Plant Response to the Tidal Environment 15. Hydrology 16. Salt Stress 17. Nutrient Availability 18. Substrate Type 19.
Climate 20. Physical Disturbances 21. Biological Factors 22. Human Actions 23. Further Readings Part V. Tidal Wetland Types and Their Vegetation 24. Beaches 25. Tidal Flats 26.
Rocky Shores 27. Salt Marshes 28. Estuarine Shrub Swamps 29. Estuarine Forests 30. Brackish Marshes 31. Tidal Fresh Marshes 32. Tidal Freshwater Swamps 33. Coastal Aquatic Beds 34.
Further Readings Part VI. Tidal Wetlands as Wildlife Habitat 35. Invertebrate Habitat 36. Fish Habitat 37. Bird Habitat 38. Reptile and Amphibian Habitat 39. Mammal Habitat 40. Rare Species Habitat 41.
A Special Note on Common Reed as Wildlife Habitat 42. Further Readings Part VII. Functions and Values of Tidal Wetlands 43. Changing Attitudes about Tidal Wetlands 44. Ecosystem Productivity 45. Water Quality Renovation 46. Coastal Flood and Storm Protection 47. Shoreline Stabilization 48.
Provision of Natural Products 49. Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Reduction 50. Scientific and Archeological Research 51. Aesthetics, the Arts, and Recreation 52. Increased Real Estate Value 53. Economic Value 54. Further Readings Part VIII. Extent, Threats, and Human Uses of North American Tidal Wetlands 55.
Distribution 56. Threats to Tidal Wetlands 57. Tidal Wetland Trends in the Conterminous United States 58. Human Use of Tidal Wetlands 59. Further Readings Part IX. Tidal Wetland Conservation and Management 60. Public Trust Doctrine 61. Conservation 62.
Management 63. Further Readings Part X. Wetland Identification, Mapping, Delineation, and Functional Assessment 64. Identification and Delineation 65. Assessment 67. Further Readings Part XI. Tidal Wetland Restoration, Creation, and Monitoring 68. Defining Restoration, Creation, and Enhancement 69.
Agency Collaborations 70. Goals and Objectives 71. Basic Considerations in Project Planning 72. Wetland Restoration 73. Wetland Creation 74. Data Needs for Project Planning and Developing a Monitoring Plan 75. Wetland Monitoring 76. Agency Guidance 77.
Restoration Prioritization 78. Further Readings Part XII. The Future of Tidal Wetlands 79. Historic, Current, and Predicted Sea-Level Rise Rates 80. The Probable Future of Tidal Wetlands on Submerging Coasts 81. The Probable Future of Tidal Wetlands along Emerging Coasts 82. Other Climate Change Effects on Tidal Wetlands 83. Managing the Marsh Environment 84.
Further Readings Appendix A. List of North American Wetlands of International Importance: Tidal Wetlands Appendix B. Profiles of Some Tidal Wetland Restoration Projects on the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States References Index.