This open access book sheds new light on the challenges and opportunities of downstream diversification in countries rich in critical minerals. Written by leading experts, the book highlights examples of successful downstream diversification and assesses strategies and policies that can help resource-rich countries develop their downstream energy technology industries and capture more value from critical mineral resources. The book explores various industries, including supply chains for batteries and other energy transition technologies, as well as issues such as industrial and tax policies to promote downstream diversification, infrastructure development, education and training, regulatory frameworks, and public-private partnerships. By examining various success criteria, this book aims to provide valuable insights for both academics and policy makers.